Car and motorcycle tyres differ from each other more than one might think. Aside from the obvious differences in shapes and sizes, they are constructed with completely different conditions of use in mind resulting from the construction of a motorcycle or even the way cornering is done.
Following changes in legislation, more and more drivers with only a category B driving license are moving to motorcycles or more powerful scooters. Therefore, it's important for them to be aware of some basic information that will affect the safety and comfort of using a two-wheeler.
First of all, remember that a motorcycle and scooter tyre has a very small contact area with the road. In the case of a car tyre the contact area is like that of a postcard. For a motorcycle tyre, the contact area with the road is the size of an egg cut in half lengthwise. That's why it's good to know how to maximise use of this small area to drive safely.
The size and model of the tyres are important
Car drivers have more freedom in choosing the size of the wheels and thus selecting tyres to suit their tastes. The same car can be driven without any problems on rims and tyres of several different sizes, while an adequate level of safety maintained.
A motorcycle, however, is a more specialised vehicle. The tyre, its size and weight are integral elements of the motorcycle's suspension. Any changes and deviations from the manufacturer's suggestions have a significant impact on the motorcycle's traction and behaviour while driving. Let's start by checking the manual, which indicates tyres allowed by the machine's manufacturer.
Once the size of the tyres is determined and you've made sure that it's the same model from the same manufacturer, time to check the pressure. This time too, the best practice is to inflate to the pressure recommended by the manufacturer. Habits of car drivers who drive with too low or high tyre pressures, translate into much more tangible effects and result in more painful consequences in the case of a motorcycle. Appropriate tyre pressure affects its optimal operating conditions, which increases the safety of people travelling by motorcycle. And it doesn't shorten its service life.
What tyres say
Like any tyres, motorcycle tyres have a lot to tell you. The side wall features many markings, which allow you to get to know them better once decoded.
In addition to the manufacturer's brand and tyre model, you'll find the following information:
The "-" mark before the rim diameter means that the tyre is diagonal. A "B" mark - a bias-belted tyre, and "R" - a radial tyre.
T – 190 km/h
U – 200 km/h
H – 210 km/h
V – 240 km/h
W – 270 km/h
Y – 300 km/h
Load ratings must be appropriate for the motorcycle, as they have a direct effect on the tyres and its driving characteristics. Appropriate values, for which the machine has been approved for use, can be found in the manual.
Tyres with an overly low load or speed rating pose a danger on the road, as they're not able to carry the loads and manage the speed foreseen by the motorcycle's manufacturer. Such tyres exhibit abnormal deformations and wear, have worse traction on the road and can be damaged.
You're sure to find a number of tyre brands offering tyres in your size and ratings. When selecting a particular tyre, remember that safety is the priority. In the case of a motorcycle or scooter, the margin of error is much smaller than in a car.
Therefore, when choosing tyres, consult a technician. They will help match them to your machine and driving style. The tyre bought must be unused, but not necessarily made a month ago. A tyre that hasn't been used for a number of years is as good as new. Changes to it are mainly due to use, not the time of storage.
Use
It's time yet again to make another reference to an average car driver, who once a new set of tyres is mounted, unfortunately forgets about their existence, until they are exchanged for winter tyres. New motorcycle tyres have to be broken in! This is an extremely important step, as it eliminates the risk of falling. Motorcycle tyres break in over the first 200-300 km, during which their top layer is removed. During this period, the motorcyclist should corner with extreme care, gradually leaning into turns more as the distance driven on a new tyre increases.
If you damage your tyres, repairs can be made in case of slight damage within the tread area. Any longitudinal damage, tears and large cavities in the tyre, as well as damage to its sides qualify it for immediate replacement. Given the importance of tyres for our safety, especially when travelling on a motorcycle, it's better to invest in a new tyre than ride with the grim reaper on your tail.
Given the performance of modern motorcycles, assuring adequate balancing is absolutely necessary. The ideal situation is when no weights need to be installed on a straight rim. For a properly built tyre the weights should not exceed 10-15 g. Otherwise, you're dealing with a bad tyre, which must be replaced.
The tyre is a key, integral part of the motorcycle and scooter. When choosing just some random tyres, you will feel the consequences of any traffic incidents faster and harder.
Source: Polish Tyre Industry Association